DEFINITION:
According to WHO (World Health Organization) & ILO (International Labour Organization), Occupational health is an area of work in public health to promote and maintain highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations.
ACCORDING WHO & ILO:
✓ Care and improve the physical, mental and social well being of workers.
✓ Prevent hindrances to health.
✓ Protect the workers.
✓ Provision of healthy environment.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS:
1.Ergonomical Hazards
2.Physical Hazards
3.Biological Hazards
4.Chemical Hazards
5.Radiation Hazards
6.Psychosocial Hazards
Causes of Hazards:
1.ERGONOMICAL HAZARDS:
• The health hazards due to-
✓ Fatigue.
✓ Boredom.
✓ Tension by repeating the work.
✓ Abnormal positions.
✓ Abnormal body alignment.
2. PHYSICAL HAZARDS:
• Hazards Related To
✓ Excessive Heat.
✓ Radiation.
✓ Cold.
✓ Vibration.
✓ Pressure.
✓ Noise.
✓ Electricity Defects.
If we will sit in environment in which any of the above is present then we will definitely get affected and got uncomfortable or might get headache or even serious health issues. And because of all this we will definitely loss our concerntration or focus from our work.
3. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS:
✓ Due to infectious micro-organisms like bacteria, virus, fungus, insects.
✓ Labour engaged in animal products or agriculture are prone to get infections.
You can take example of Farmers, they do the farming in open field and they use various products like pesticides, fertilizers and insecticides because of all this they’re more prone to get infections through any of vectors.
4. CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
✓ The adverse effects due to chemicals depend on duration of the contacts and nature of the chemical and individual resistance power.
✓ Chemicals enters through the skin, respiratory system or digestive system.
Here, you can take the example of workers who works in industrial or commercial area. They always inhale the dusts, fumes and mists coming out from industries or factories which can lead to severe respiratory diseases. And also by ingesting contaminated food and water we can also get infections.
5. RADIATION HAZARDS:
✓ Radiation has become an inseparable part of the living environment.
✓ Sources of radiation:
❖ Natural sources – Cosmic rays.
❖ Manmade sources – X-rays, radio isotopes, occupational exposure. luminous markers. radium watches, TV etc.
Here you can take the example of a radiologist they’re always around radiations which involves various problems, radiologist protect themselves by lead coat aur by in console room but there is more chance or risks of exposure on them and radiations leads severe problems even cancer (depends on the length and duration of the exposure).
6. PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS:
✓Due to excessive work, shift duty, repapeated business tours, less pay, job dissatisfaction.
✓ The effects are fatigue,headache, back ache, high BP , heart diseases, early aging symptoms etc.
Here you can say that everyone has a stress in their perspectives and stress might be related to anything or you can say that many of us, who has hectic schedule day life which leads to stress or pressure on us is one of the most common psychosocial factor in anyone’s life.
Question: What are the effects of radiation on the body?
Answer:
1. Hairloss
2. Headache
3. Cataract
4. Inflammation of mouth
5. Chest pain
6. Heart burn
7. Cancer
8. Dermatitis
9. Inflammation of skin
10. Rapid heartbeat
11. Bleeding spots under the skin
12. Haemorrhage
13. Anaemia
14. GI bleeding
15. Ulcers
16. Enlarge thyroid gland
17. Bronchitis
18. Inflammation & scarring in lungs
19. Bloody stools
20. Depletion of white blood cells
21. Nausea
22. Vomiting
23. Diarrhea
24. Fatigue
25. Fainting
And many more effects which can lead to severe health issues.
